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Helios Quarterly

Helios Quarterly

Spring 2025

In this issue, we focus on exploring the frontiers of functional psychiatry and wellness. There have been so many innovations in health and wellness over the last half century have been related to the treatment of symptoms. The Helios team has witnessed firsthand how patients benefit from the traditional model and relief from symptoms. However, we are moving into an era of discovering root cause with breakthroughs in neuro and biofeedback, genetic testing, micronutrients and more. We are on the cusp of a renaissance in the field of health and medicine. What had once seemed out of reach-the idea of preventing illness or even addressing root cause – suddenly seems achievable. As we prepare to officially roll out our comprehensive functional psychiatry and wellness program, we explore the importance of biochemical individuality, targeted nutritional intervention and essential lab testing in the prevention and treatment of chronic issues.

Why wait on weight? // by Christen Greenfield PMHNP

It’s that time of year. Many of us start thinking, “as soon as the holidays are over, I’ll start focusing on my health.”  Maybe that means starting to exercise, changing eating habits, or even scheduling a medical appointment to check your cholesterol. Our health is frequently at the top of our “wish” list, but at the bottom of our priority list. 

Many of us want to lose weight, or know we need to.  Sometimes for health reasons, sometimes because there’s a “sweet” spot where we feel most comfortable and confident.  However, pursuing that goal is often deferred until we have more time, energy, and resources. The new year offers perspective and possibility for our motivations and aspirations for ourselves.  Sometimes we start pursuing the goal and the uphill climb starts to feel like scaling a cliff.   Maybe you don’t know where to start or have tried without seeing any benefit.  It can be frustrating and all too often we blame ourselves for lack of will power or motivation. 

Dr Alexandra Sowa, dual board certified physician, clinical instructor at NYU school of Medicine and author of “Ozempic Revolution” notes about her patients:  “in their lifetime, they’re always told weight loss was up to the individual, and it was more about willpower than biology, when we now know the reverse to be true,” With exposure to ultraprocessed foods, countless inflammatory chemicals in our environments and less physical activity integrated into our everyday lives, we are caught in a futile cycle.  Fortunately, the arrival of drugs that mimic the gut hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) have revolutionized the treatment of overweight and obesity, offering a biologic intervention that targets the root neurohormonal and genetic causes of these chronic conditions.

If you’ve been watching the news, you have likely noticed the buzz about a new class of weight loss medications known as GLP-1 agonists.  Think Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus, all brand names for semaglutide, an example of this type of medication.  These neurohormones help with weight loss through balancing blood sugar, decreasing food cravings, slowing digestion and increasing feelings of fullness among other benefits.  How do these medications work?  Semaglutide mimics the actions of a hormone called glucagon-like peptide 1, or GLP-1. This hormone controls the release of insulin and sugar in our body, helping to keep our blood sugar balanced.  It slows digestion, and decreases food craving signals in the brain among other benefits. You may ask, if this hormone is native to our body, why do we need a medication like semaglutide? GLP hormones are only active in the body for 1-2 minutes before they are broken down. Semaglutide attaches to a protein in our blood called albumin, allowing it to stay present for longer periods of time and keep the sustained effects of the GLP-1 hormone. 

Currently, GLP-1 receptor agonists are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for obesity or overweight with at least one weight-related condition (eg, type 2 diabetes or hypertension) including semaglutide and liraglutide, as well as tirzepatide, a dual agonist that activates both the GLP-1 receptor and the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor. GLP-1 agonists have been found to have additional benefits to weight loss such as cardiovascular protection, reducing cholesterol, reducing blood pressure, and reducing risk of type 2 diabetes. “Evidence shows that GLP-1 receptor agonists can have cardiovascular benefit, improve heart failure, renal disease in people living with diabetes, osteoarthritis, obstructive sleep apnea, and other disease processes that significantly impact patients’ overall health and quality of life,” Priya Jaisinghani, MD, clinical assistant professor in the Department of Medicine at NYU Grossman School of Medicine.

GLP-1’s, such as semaglutide, also show potential anti-inflammatory properties. Although the specific mechanisms are not understood, reports indicate that semaglutide can modulate inflammatory processes by reducing levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). In an animal model, semaglutide demonstrated neuroprotective effects and improved cognitive function by inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome, a protein involved in regulating the innate immune system and inflammatory responses. Although larger scale research and clinical guidelines are lacking, many clinicians are using these medications off label for autoimmune conditions, chronic pain, depression, substance use, long COVID and anxiety with success.

What about side effects?  Side effects are often related to the gastrointestinal system– initial nausea or stomach discomfort, or headache and flu-like symptoms, usually resolving over time. For best results and minimal side effects, as with any medication, we start at a low dose and gradually increase if/as tolerated. There may not be weight loss in the first few weeks, but as the dose is increased, patients experience decreased appetite and “food chatter” (less thinking about food), feeling full earlier and decreased cravings. A healthy rate of weight loss is 1-2 pounds per week for best long term outcomes. Long term studies and patients with and without diabetes are needed to define the risks in these populations.

Addressing obesity and related health conditions is crucial in achieving mind body wellness. The biggest mistake of modern medicine is denying the importance of fundamental principles of health and failing to empower patients to make important lifestyle changes that have the potential to change their lives. At Helios Wellness, we aim to provide cutting edge treatments nested in a safe and holistic approach. This includes a longitudinal treatment framework– assessment of goals, discussion of weight loss intervention options, as well as evaluating other contributors to weight gain such as hormone imbalances (think estrogen, testosterone), vitamin deficiencies and psychological factors.  

We put so much pressure on ourselves to change our health habits, but then deny ourselves the tools that can help reach our goals. Does it have to be difficult? When will it be the “right” time? Give yourself the gift of a healthier body, it’s the only one you get. Why wait? Check in with your Helios provider or our Wellness Concierge to learn more.

  1. Xie, Y., Choi, T. & Al-Aly, Z. Mapping the effectiveness and risks of GLP-1 receptor agonists. Nat Med (2025).
  2. Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Jamialahmadi T, et al. Anti-inflammatory benefits of semaglutide: State of the art. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2024;36:100340. Published 2024 Mar 28. doi:10.1016/j.jcte.2024.100340
  3. National-level and state-level prevalence of overweight and obesity among children, adolescents, and adults in the USA, 1990–2021, and forecasts up to 2050 Ng, Marie et al. The Lancet, Volume 404, Issue 10469, 2278 – 2298

Methylation: Why Micronutrients Matter More Than You Think // by Jennifer Dore MD

“Since the introduction of chlorpromazine in 1954, pharmaceutical approaches have been the mainstay treatment for mental health conditions. And although these agents are helpful, treatment resistance remains common. For instance, a 2021 analysis found that approximately 31% of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) experienced treatment resistance.1 

As research continues to look for strategies that result in better treatment outcomes, consensus has slowly been building that additional interventions should play a role in treating mental health conditions. Patients with mental illness have been consistently found to have lower levels of certain nutrients, including vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc, among others.2-4 Adjunctive treatments focusing on these deficiencies have yielded promising, positive results. Diet also appears to play an important role in mental health, including the reduction of ultra-processed foods to the potential benefits of implementing a ketogenic diet”

James M. Greenblatt, MD.  Integrative Medicine in Psychiatry. Psychiatric Times. August 20, 2024

The development of Deplin, a medical food for depression, is a fascinating story that highlights the importance of nutritional psychiatry in the treatment of mental health disorders. Deplin is a prescription-only medical food that contains L-methylfolate, a bioactive form of Folate or Vitamin B9, which plays a crucial role in the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. This nutrient is also available over the counter from many reputable supplement companies. 

The story begins with the work of Dr. John Walsh, a renowned expert in nutritional psychiatry. Dr. Walsh’s research focused on the relationship between folate and depression, and he discovered that many patients with depression had impaired folate metabolism (Walsh et al., 2014). He also found that supplementing with L-methylfolate could improve symptoms of depression in patients who were not responding to traditional antidepressant medications. Dr. Walsh’s work was built upon discoveries by other researchers who demonstrated that L-methylfolate was effective in treating depression, particularly in patients with low levels of folate or those who had genetic variations affecting folate metabolism (Papakostas et al., 2010). These studies showed that L-methylfolate could increase the production of neurotransmitters and improve mood symptoms in patients with depression. 

This approach makes sense! If you don’t have the raw materials to produce the neurochemicals essential to brain processes, you will likely suffer from organ dysfunction. This shows up as cognitive decline, depression, anxiety to name a few. Furthermore, without the raw materials or the ability to activate them, our attempts to increase and influence these neurochemicals through medications such as antidepressants- or any other means for that matter–  will likely fall flat. You can turn on the faucet but if there is no water, you are out of luck. Not to mention that folate is essential for the proper functioning of master biological processes including: DNA methylation, DNA and RNA synthesis, DNA repair (essential to preventing cancer and other diseases), protein metabolism, and immune function just to name a few. 

If we dig even deeper, we find that the process of DNA methylation is key to understanding how micronutrients have such a profound impact on a wide array of disease processes. Methylation occurs in every cell of the body. During this process, methyl groups are added to DNA, proteins, and other molecules effectively turning off gene expression or regulating cellular function without altering the genetic code itself.  In essence, methylation acts like an on/off switch for biochemical activities. 

For methylation reactions to occur, multiple cofactors are required including vitamins (folate, riboflavin, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, choline) and amino acids (methionine, cysteine, serine, glycine). Nutrient deficiencies or insufficiencies, therefore have a profound impact on our brain and our body and can be the root cause of many disease processes. In his research, Dr Walsh not only demonstrated the importance of Folate, but also Vitamin B12, and Vitamin B6 in supporting methylation. Without adequate levels of these nutrients, methylation can become impaired.  For example, The Walsh Institute has identified five distinct depression biotypes based on methylation and other micronutrient deficiencies: 1. Undermethylated depressed individuals with elevated histamine production who tend towards low serotonin and normal dopamine levels who respond well to antidepressants  2. Copper overloaded individuals who generally report SSRI’s to be ineffective 3. Pyrrole disorder depression with double deficiency in zinc and B6 and 4. Toxic metal overload and 5. Low folate depression

Correcting methylation abnormalities requires a comprehensive approach using targeted nutrient therapies to address specific deficiencies and promote optimal methylation. For example, patients with undermethylation may benefit from supplements such as SAMe or trimethylglycine (TMG), while those with overmethylation may require supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids or antioxidants. In addition to nutrient deficiencies, other factors can contribute to methylation abnormalities. These include genetic mutations such as MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) polymorphisms; exposure to environmental toxins such as heavy metals or pesticides; stress; sleep deprivation; exercise habits; diet quality; food sensitivities or allergies; medications like antacids or proton pump inhibitors that alter gut pH.

We can test levels of homocysteine with a simple blood test which can serve as a screening tool for dysfunction of methylation.  If positive, or if clinical suspicion is high, more in depth measurements of the methylation cycle and the genetic components that contribute to this are also available and can be tremendously helpful in formulating a treatment plan. 

Back to the story of Dr Walsh. The development of Deplin as a medical food was made possible by the FDA’s designation of L-methylfolate as a “medical food” rather than a dietary supplement. This designation allowed Pamlab, LLC (now part of Nestle Health Science), to develop Deplin as a prescription-only product specifically designed for the dietary management of depression (Greenblatt & Huffman, 2016).  Unfortunately, commercial biomedical research interest along this critical line of inquiry seems to have stopped there. To a large degree and we have been left with a divided public opinion on whether or not supplements are necessary or worth it.  While Deplin may be one of the only targeted nutrient therapies approved by the FDA, there is voluminous literature on the safety and efficacy of these therapies and solid biochemical rationale for their use in various conditions. Correcting micronutrient imbalances through targeted nutrient therapies have been shown to be effective in managing symptoms of depression and other mental health conditions according to research studies published peer reviewed scientific literature journals worldwide.  While more large studies need to be done, providers at Helios integrate this knowledge into their practices to help bridge the gap left by traditional treatment options alone.

Ask your provider if you are interested in finding out if methylation testing can be helpful for you.

Introducing The Glymphatic System // by Karina Hoog, CMT

Our brain is a highly complex organ, often compared to a supercomputer. Like artificial intelligence and machine learning, the material we use to “train” our neural networks is critical. What we expose ourselves to—through media, ideas, and thoughts—as well as what we consume—such as food, chemicals, and medicines—plays a major role in our brain’s function and overall health.

But beyond input and stimulation, what about the maintenance of this incredible supercomputer? What happens to the waste it generates? Compared to other organs, the brain has a significantly higher metabolic rate per gram of tissue, meaning it consumes a substantial amount of energy relative to its size. In fact, it is the most metabolically active organ in the body, even at rest. As a result, the brain produces a considerable amount of metabolic waste that must be processed and excreted. If this waste is not cleared effectively, it can accumulate and potentially lead to serious problems.

While most of us are familiar with the concept of waste elimination in the body—through systems like the liver, kidneys, and intestines—few consider how the brain handles its own detoxification. Recent scientific discoveries have revealed the importance of a unique system in the brain responsible for this function: the glymphatic system. First identified in 2012 by Dr. Maiken Nedergaard and her team at the University of Rochester (Iliff et al., 2012), the glymphatic system is a network of fluid-filled channels that circulates cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the brain. This fluid flows into the brain’s interstitial fluid (ISF), where waste is collected and eventually filtered out through the body’s lymphatic system.

The glymphatic system does more than just remove waste. It also helps manage fluid balance, supports immune responses, and delivers essential nutrients like lipids and proteins to brain cells. Remarkably, this system is most active during sleep. It is during this time that it filters out waste products such as metabolic byproducts and misfolded proteins. Disruptions to sleep—and by extension to glymphatic function—have been linked to conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, depression, and general brain aging. According to Young et al. (2019), “The association of sleep deprivation with reduced glymphatic clearance may lead to the accumulation of neurodegenerative proteins such as tau, β-amyloid, GFAP, and S100-B.”

Given how essential the glymphatic system is to maintaining brain health, it’s important to support it through daily habits and lifestyle choices. Here are some key practices that can help enhance glymphatic function and protect against cognitive decline:

Adequate Sleep: Sleep is perhaps the most crucial factor in supporting glymphatic function. During sleep, brain imaging shows that the fluid-filled spaces in the brain expand, enhancing the flow and clearance of waste. This process, often referred to as “brain cleaning,” allows CSF to flush through brain tissue and remove accumulated toxins (Xie et al., 2013). Research has shown that sleep deprivation impairs this system and is associated with an increase in beta-amyloid plaques (Ooms et al., 2014). On the other hand, getting sufficient, quality sleep supports a healthy glymphatic system and lowers the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.

The Microbiome and Mental Health: A Gut Feeling Worth Exploring // by Kathryn Croce, RN

The human gut is home to trillions of microorganisms collectively known as the microbiome. While these microbes play a well-known role in digestion, scientists are uncovering how they profoundly influence mental health through the gut-brain axis, a communication network connecting the gut and brain. This groundbreaking field of research highlights how a balanced gut microbiome is crucial for physical health and emotional and psychological well-being.

One of the most remarkable aspects of the gut-brain connection is how gut microbes influence the production of neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Serotonin, often called the “feel-good” hormone, is primarily produced in the gut, with over 90% of the body’s supply originating there. These neurotransmitters are critical in regulating mood, sleep, and stress responses. When the microbiome is out of balance—a condition known as dysbiosis—it can lead to disruptions in neurotransmitter production and immune function, potentially contributing to mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and even neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s.

Stress, poor diet, and antibiotic overuse are major factors that can disrupt the delicate balance of the microbiome. Chronic inflammation, often a byproduct of an imbalanced gut, has also been linked to mood disorders. This inflammation can travel along the gut-brain axis, affecting brain function and increasing the risk of mental health challenges. These insights emphasize the interconnected nature of our physical and mental health, with the gut playing a pivotal role.

Fortunately, research suggests that supporting gut health can positively influence mental health. Diet is one of the most effective tools for maintaining a healthy microbiome. Consuming fermented foods like yogurt, kimchi, and kefir, which are rich in beneficial bacteria, can enhance microbial diversity in the gut. High-fiber foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, promote the growth of good bacteria while minimizing processed and sugary foods can help reduce harmful microbial imbalances.

In addition to dietary choices, probiotics, and prebiotics are gaining attention for their ability to support mental health. Probiotics introduce beneficial bacteria, while prebiotics provide nourishment for these microbes. A new class of probiotics, called psychobiotics, specifically targets mental health by enhancing mood-regulating neurotransmitters and reducing inflammation. While still in the early stages of research, psychobiotics represent a promising avenue for innovative mental health therapies.

As scientists continue to explore the intricate connections between the gut and the brain, it becomes clear that nurturing the microbiome is essential to a holistic approach to mental health. By prioritizing gut health through mindful dietary choices and emerging therapies, we can support our physical well-being and emotional resilience, offering hope for a healthier mind and body.

Using Clinical Hypnosis in Psychotherapy // by Abbi Ball PMHNP

What Is – and Isn’t – Clinical Hypnosis?

If your impression of hypnosis comes from stage shows or movies, its use in therapy might seem unsettling—or even dubious. After all, being commanded to act like a toddler on stage or falling victim to mind control couldn’t be further from what is supposed to happen in a supportive therapy session. Fortunately, the reality of hypnosis is far different from the loss of control these scenarios imply. In stage hypnosis, the carefully selected volunteers always have the choice to respond—or not—to the hypnotist’s suggestions. Factors such as the desire to entertain and pressure to perform strongly influence participants’ decisions to carry out the directives.

So, what is hypnosis, if it doesn’t involve mind control or the surrender of free will? Hypnosis is similar to other states many people have experienced, like a daydream that is so absorbing that the outside world fades away, a “flow state” of effortless focus during a rewarding activity, or a meditative state that allows exploring one’s internal experience in a different way. All of these things involve being in a state of focused attention, which is the simplest definition of hypnosis. While hypnosis may not feel exactly like a daydream, flow state, or meditation, it’s unique to each person. Many describe it as deeply relaxing during the session and invigorating afterward.

What Makes Therapeutic Hypnosis Effective?

Like psychedelic medicines such as ketamine, hypnosis is associated with reduced activity in the default mode network—the area of the brain that dynamically defines our sense of who we are. When this sense-making network quiets down, the brain is more open to trying out new ways of perceiving and experiencing oneself. Because mental health struggles so often begin with rigidity—whether in one’s perceptions, thoughts, emotions, body, or behaviors—working within the flexible hypnotic space can be a powerful way to promote change. Hypnosis also facilitates dissociation, making it possible to amplify awareness of the positive parts of one’s experience and dampen awareness of the less helpful ones. In these and other ways, hypnosis supports the creation of new mental frameworks, which are key to improving mental health.

Delivering Psychotherapy via Hypnosis

When a client agrees to enter a non-ordinary state in psychotherapy, trust and safety are paramount. Effective clinical hypnosis begins with a strong, collaborative relationship between the therapist and client, as well as a clear understanding of therapy goals. Hypnosis can take many forms, from sessions using symptom-targeted scripts to those that are designed from scratch and evolve in real time. Therapists draw on their clients’ values, interests, expectations, history, responses in the moment, and even stimuli in the immediate environment to create tailored and meaning-imbued experiences.

Hypnotic phenomena—such as absorbing the client in a childhood memory or dissociating a negative experience into its component parts—can be used to generate new and valuable experiences in the moment. Well-formed suggestions, which may be embedded in metaphors, stories, or even puns, can be used to speak to parts of a person that may ordinarily be inaccessible. Taken together, the elements of a hypnosis session have the potential to help clients reframe their self-perceptions and access unconscious problem-solving abilities, setting the stage for profound therapeutic change.

Hypnotic Responsiveness—Does It Matter?

Many people are naturally curious about their own ability to be hypnotized. In the field, there is ongoing debate over whether hypnotic responsiveness is an unchanging trait or a capacity that can be enhanced—and over whether it is necessary or even desirable to measure it in the first place. Many clinicians operate under the belief that hypnotic responsiveness can be enhanced under the right conditions. They prioritize the client-therapist relationship, using what they learn about the client to design sessions that foster responsiveness. Responsible clinicians also closely monitor progress, adapting their approach as needed and shifting away from hypnosis if therapeutic goals aren’t being met.

The Problem with Typology // by Renée Bayard

You may have heard about typology or categorization of personality, and popular assessments such as the Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator or Big Five Personality Test. These methods aim to fit an individual into a predefined personality type based on association with certain traits. But this practice is not considered to be scientific, since it relies on the subjective opinions of the individual and tends to produce inconsistent results which often change over time based on mood and perceived sense of self.

Despite their inaccuracy, typology tests are widely used both in corporate and clinical psychiatric settings to categorize people, even being taken into consideration in the process of job placement. This highlights the interest in and ideal application of this type of tool. Generally, we as humans are curious about who we are and how we fit into the world. This question comes into play all the more when we are attempting to match ourselves to a role or to collaborate with a team. In this circumstance, having a partial answer, even if it only makes sense in the moment, may help to give reassurance that can provide the confidence needed to move forward.

But in reality, a partial, inaccurate answer doesn’t suffice when it comes to the question of what makes us who we are. And if the method of self-testing doesn’t work, then what does?

What is Cognitive Type?

Cognitive Type is a theory and method of empirically measuring cognitive processes. These processes are thinking (or logical judgement), feeling (or ethical judgement), sensing (concrete perception) and intuition (abstract perception). Each of these processes has either an extroverted or introverted operation. The basis of this method is the practice of vultology; from the Latin vultus, meaning “expression, appearance, demeanor”. Vultology is the study and real-time reading of specific unconscious physical expressions which are related to the cognitive processes.

Cognitive Type is used by trained practitioners in a formal, usually clinical, setting. In addition to being trained to identify the physical expressions – such as the pattern of the saccading of the eyes, muscle tension around the mouth, cadence of speech, etcetera – a practitioner of this method will have studied the psychology of the cognitive functions. They will be able to tell you which cognitive processes you have, what this means, how they affect the structure and experience of your personality, and how to develop any functions that are underutilized.

When combined with psychoanalytic approaches which can uncover other aspects of your personality, this method can contribute to a deep understanding of one’s self and be a powerful tool for development. And in the context of family or couple’s therapy, Cognitive Type paves the way for genuine understanding and healing.

Where Can I Find A Cognitive Type Practitioner?

Cognitive Type is a very new method which is still growing in research and development, there are only a handful of practitioners in the world at this time. Luckily for Bay Area locals, the original co-founder of the Cognitive Type theory and long-time practitioner of vultology works at Helios Wellness!

Contact Renée Bayard, Trauma-Informed Jungian Coach and Vultologist, to schedule your reading today. You will receive real-time feedback and education on your cognitive functions, as well as a detailed follow-up report including the expressions observed, their relative levels, examples of other individuals with your type, and descriptions of your cognitive functions and what they contribute to your personality.

The Benefits of IV Nutrient Hydration Therapy // by Claire Durst, RN, BSN 

Modern life often leaves us drained—mentally, physically, and emotionally. Between busy  schedules, stress, and environmental challenges, it’s easy to feel like your body is running  on empty. Increasingly, we are collectively realizing that the way we eat markedly affects the way we feel. Much of what we need for our body to run effectively can be produced by our body itself– if we are healthy.  However, there are many essential nutrients the human body cannot produce. These include vitamins A, C, B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B7 (biotin), B9 (folate), B12 (cobalamin), E, K, as well as minerals like CoQ10, iron, calcium, iodine, magnesium, potassium, and zinc.  All must be obtained through diet in addition to nine essential amino acids vital for protein synthesis, tissue repair, and nutrient absorption. In fact, the only vitamin that the body can produce on its own is Vitamin D, and only with adequate exposure to sunlight as you may know. So food is literally medicine!

Unfortunately,  the nutritional value of food varies significantly depending on how it’s farmed and processed, with concerns that many modern food varieties may be less nutritious than their historical counterparts. Food today often contains  lower levels of vitamins and minerals due to farming practices, soil quality and processing techniques aimed at shelf life and appearance, leading to a potential decline in overall nutritional quality. Ultraprocessed food and environmental chemicals have left us with inflammation and nutritional deficiencies that increase our risk for chronic disease and diminishing quality of life. Low intakes of certain minerals have been linked to an increased risk of chronic disease, including some cancers, heart disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and depression.

At Helios, we have been working on compiling the evidence and integrating diagnostic testing and targeted nutrient therapies to empower our patients with the tools to optimize their health and get the most out of their treatments. Enter IV nutrient hydration therapy: one of the cutting-edge approaches to wellness that delivers vitamins, minerals and antioxidants directly into your bloodstream for fast, effective  replenishment. 

What is IV Nutrient Hydration Therapy? 

IV nutrient hydration therapy delivers a powerful cocktail of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants  directly into your bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. Many essential vitamins depend on the health of your GI tract for absorption.  Individuals who suffer from SIBO (small bowel intestine bacterial overgrowth), have had a gastric bypass or suffer from gut inflammation for example are particularly at risk for micronutrient deficiencies and are often unable to absorb nutrients from food and vitamins and even medications! Most of the B vitamins that are critical for brain health, for example, are absorbed in the small intestine.  Unlike oral supplements, which  can lose potency as they break down in your gut and have only a 20-50% absorption rate, IV therapy ensures maximum absorption,  providing your body with immediate and lasting benefits. 

Although clinical dehydration is actually rare unless you are critically ill, intravenous hydration alone has been studied as an important component of managing the symptoms of refractory Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) which has gained attention in the setting of Long COVID. 

At Helios, we customize our IV treatments to suit your unique needs, whether you’re seeking to  boost immunity, combat fatigue, enhance mental clarity, or simply recover from the wear and  tear of daily life. 

Nutrients That Make a Difference 

The benefits of IV therapy come from the powerful blend of nutrients it delivers. Each plays  a unique role in supporting health. Here are some interesting facts: 

• Glutathione: Often referred to as the “master antioxidant,” glutathione protects cells  from oxidative stress, aids detoxification, and supports immune health. It’s also linked to  improved skin clarity and radiance. 

• NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide): A coenzyme that’s essential for cellular  repair and energy production, NAD+ is known for its potential anti-aging properties. It’s  linked to improved mental clarity and reduced fatigue. Recent studies on animals and human clinical trials have expanded our understanding of NAD+ and NAD+-dependent enzymes in neuroplasticity, brain aging, and neurodegenerative disorders. Emerging evidence suggests NAD+ depletion in brain cells is common during aging and is accentuated in many neurodegenerative disorders including AD, PD, HD, and ALS, and that NAD+ augmentation inhibits pathological features in animal models of these disorders. Emerging findings are revealing a critical role for NAD+ in neural resilience and in the molecular mechanisms of the hallmarks of brain aging.

• Vitamin B12: Vital for energy production and cognitive function, B12 helps combat  fatigue and mental fog while supporting mood stability. In a recent large scale Brazilian study of 14,737 subjects, higher B12 intake was associated with lower depression risk.  Supplementation for deficiency should be sublingual or by injection.

• Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C): An immune-boosting powerhouse, vitamin C also supports  collagen production, fights free radicals, and enhances skin health. 

• Lysine: This essential amino acid plays a role in tissue repair, collagen formation, and  immune system support. Lysine and NAD+ aid in cell repair and energy  production, promoting faster recovery from physical or mental stress. Good for athletic recovery.

Who Can Benefit? 

While not appropriate for everybody, IV nutrient hydration therapy is beneficial for a wide range of individuals: 

• Experiencing fatigue or burnout 

• Looking to improve athletic recovery 

• Preparing for or recovering from travel 

• Seeking enhanced mental clarity and focus

• Suffering from gut inflammation and have nutrient deficiencies IV therapy isn’t a replacement for a healthy lifestyle, but it can be a valuable addition to  your wellness routine—one that helps you navigate life’s challenges with more energy and  resilience. If you’ve been feeling depleted or are looking for ways to support your body during times  of stress, IV therapy is worth considering.

Fall 2024

In this issue, Jamal Cameron, LMFT, explores safe and efficacious use of Ketamine and Ketamine Assisted Therapy to treat anxiety, depression and PTSD. Next, Kristina Chancholo presents a promising therapy called Photobiomodulation (PBM/Red light therapy) to help pain, inflammation and even mental health issues. Our newest member of the Helios team, Renée Bayard introduces the reader to her areas of specialization, and announces the launch of her exciting workshop series, “Shadow Work”. We also highlight the importance of the body and the mysterious fascial system in treating mental health concerns, stress and promoting longevity with expert Karina Hoog, our resident Massage Therapist and Somatic Therapy Practitioner. We also learn from Christen Greenfield, PMHNP-BC, on how to “Shed the ‘Should”, a pesky word that can sometimes hinder patient progress. Finally Kathy Croce, RN, BSN, provides detail on a multisite Ketamine study using the Muse headband that Helios is honored to be participating in. Talk to your provider if you would like more information. 

Navigating the Psychedelic Realm: Ensuring Safety in Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy Introduction // by Jamal Cameron, LMFT, MA

In recent years, ketamine has moved to the forefront of discussions surrounding mental health. While its reputation has been on the rise, the question of its safety remains a nuanced and multifaceted topic. In this post, we explore the importance of safety in ketamine assisted psychotherapy (KAP) and delve into various aspects that contribute to a secure and effective therapeutic experience. 

The Essence of Psychological Safety: 

Psychological safety is the bedrock of any therapeutic process, especially in the realm of psychedelic-assisted therapies like KAP. Establishing an environment where clients feel secure, respected and understood is crucial. This sense of safety empowers individuals to explore their inner landscapes openly and address underlying issues without fear of judgment and/or stigma. 

The Therapeutic Relationship: 

Central to KAP is the therapeutic relationship between the client and the practitioner. Open and honest communication is paramount, allowing clients to express their goals, concerns and experiences freely. A strong therapeutic alliance not only enhances the efficacy of KAP but also ensures that clients feel supported throughout their journey. 

The Medical Model and Its Nuances: 

Embracing the medical model in KAP offers both benefits and pitfalls. While the structured approach allows for a standardized treatment process, it may overlook the uniqueness of each individual’s experience. Recognizing the limitations of the medical model encourages practitioners to tailor treatments to the specific needs of their clients, promoting a more personalized and effective approach. 2. At-home Use of Ketamine: 

Understanding the boundaries of at-home use is crucial. When guided by a qualified practitioner and used within established protocols, at-home sessions can be safe and productive. However, unmonitored and inappropriate use poses potential risks, emphasizing the importance of professional guidance to ensure the well-being of the individual. 

Addressing Addiction Concerns: 

Exploring the risk of developing chemical or psychological dependence is imperative in KAP. In addition, those with a history of substance use issues will need to navigate with their practitioner healthy ways of working with the medicine as addiction can be viewed as an attachment wound. 

Clients addressing issues related to anxiety, depression, and PTSD should approach KAP with patience and caution, ensuring a balanced and mindful approach to prevent dependency. 

Preparation and Integration: 

Rushing through the preparation and integration phases of KAP can undermine its therapeutic potential. Adequate preparation helps clients focus on what they would like to work through as well as navigate the psychedelic experience. Thoughtful integration ensures that insights gained during the sessions are effectively incorporated into daily life. Integration is an active stage where behavioral changes, ways of thinking and how a client shows up for themselves, others and in the world are important and helps prevent bypassing (avoiding and/or going around issues). Again, patience in these phases is key to maximizing the long-term benefits of KAP. 

Community Integration: 

Recognizing the importance of community integration with the KAP space is essential. 

Engaging in a supportive community allows individuals to share experiences, insights and challenges, fostering a sense of belonging and understanding. Community integration could look like volunteering, but on a micro level, it could be building healthier relationships with partners, family, friends and work. 

Conclusion: 

As KAP continues to evolve, prioritizing safety is paramount. Establishing psychological safety, nurturing the therapeutic relationship, understanding the medical model’s nuances, addressing at-home use, acknowledging addiction concerns, embracing preparation and integration and fostering community engagement all contribute to a comprehensive approach to ensuring the well- being of individuals navigating the psychedelic realm. By navigating these aspects carefully, we can harness the potential of ketamine assisted psychotherapy for transformative healing experiences. 

Photobiomodulation (PBM) and its Benefits // by Kristina Chancholo

Healing at the speed of light. Well, something like that. Low Level Light Therapy (LLLT) or 

photobiomodulation (PBM) accelerates healing in various tissue types such as ligaments, tendons, muscles, visceral organs, and skin. There are over 300,000 papers about LLLT on PubMed, and the science is both convincing and astonishing. Neuroscientists and doctors across the globe are using red and near infrared light therapy to help patients with Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, depression, traumatic brain injury, COVID both long and short, pneumonia, and more. 

Even though photobiomodulation isn’t a new concept in the science world, its application in sport injuries, post concussive syndrome, ailment relief, and immune support is continually growing in research and practice. We use the FDA approved, medical-grade unit by LightMD. There are two hundred high quality LEDs per flexible Light Pad, providing the densest light output of any device on the market. These flexible pads also contour to essential treatment areas such as the elbow, foot, chest, knee, head, face, and pelvis. 

Light therapy affects tissues at a cellular level using low-level LED light to penetrate the skin’s surface and reach the underlying tissue layers, stimulating the body’s natural cellular functions. The 

application of specific non-ionizing wavelengths of light leads to non-invasive, drug-free medical and wellness benefits. The mitochondria in cells uptake the photons (light) and use them to produce ATP (energy). The photon therapy used in the infrared wave band can activate many metabolic processes, including cell division, cyclic AMP metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, hemoglobin, collagen and other protein synthesis, leukocyte activity, production of macrophages and wound healing. If macrophages are exposed to infrared light within the range of 880nm, they release substances that help repair damaged cells, thereby supporting production of connective tissue. 

Light therapy has many benefits, including: 

  • Increases circulation through the formation of new capillaries, which speeds up the healing process by carrying more oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. 
  • Stimulates the production of collagen, an essential protein used to repair damaged tissues, reducing the amount of scar tissue. 
  • Increases RNA and DNA synthesis, supporting the repair of damaged cells. 
  • Stimulates fibroblastic activity, which aids in the repair process. 
  • Stimulates tissue granulation and connective tissue projections, which are part of the healing process of wounds, ulcers and inflamed tissue. 
  • Increases lymphatic system activity. 

What’s the Body Got to Do with It // by Dr. Jennifer Dore MD

“A century of study of traumatic memories shows that (i) semantic representations may coexist with sensory imprints; (ii) unlike trauma narratives, these sensory experiences often remain stable over time, unaltered by other life experiences; (iii) they may return, triggered by reminders, with a vividness as if the experience were happening all over again; and (iv) these flashbacks may occur in a mental state in which victims are unable to precisely articulate what they are feeling and thinking.” 

VAN DER KOLK, B.A. (1998), Trauma and memory. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 52: S52–S64 

The mind body connection has been a topic of inquiry since the beginning of time. In Eastern medicine, there is an intimate integration of both mind and body. By contrast, the Western medical model has largely separated the physical and the mental. Subsequently, this separation commonly underlies many modern treatment paradigms including contemporary therapeutic approaches in mental health. For example, the critical role of the body in the healing of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was brought to Western mainstream attention more recently by pioneers like Dr Bessel Van der Kolk, author of “The Body Keeps the Score.” This important book highlights the role of the body in holding or remembering traumatic experiences and the inevitable futility of treatments that do not address and directly involve the body.  

Although we generally regard memory as a mental or cognitive function, evidence suggests that the physical body plays a much more central role than previously understood, particularly in the storing of traumatic experiences. Memories, or flashbacks in the case of trauma, commonly take the form of sensations experienced in the body or “soma.” Working with this “somatic memory” is a critical component in trauma focused work. Somatic therapy understands that the body is the crucial missing link for those who seek to heal from their traumatic experiences, providing a fundamental access point for treatment. You may have heard providers discussing the importance of having awareness of and being able to regulate your nervous system. The nervous system influences and often dictates the way we feel, how we interpret data from the external environment and how well we can communicate and get along with others. The nervous system, along with the fascia stores this data and thus is often playing a role in what we feel, think and understand about ourselves and the world around us. 

Bodywork, when performed by an expert, is a form of somatic treatment. It can be viewed as a therapeutic dialogue with the body that has a significantly positive effect on the brain and nervous system. Bodywork can directly access the nervous system and quickly assist in nervous system regulation, rewiring and ultimately shifting our experience of ourselves over time. Hands-on treatment modalities can target the Vagus Nerve and the fascial system through which tiny nerves, blood vessels and lymphatics flow. Additionally, bodywork can improve immune function by restoring circulation in the blood vessels and lymphatics and promoting other anti- inflammatory processes. Research shows, in fact, that using bodywork in combination with psychotherapy is not only beneficial to patients who experience PTSD, but also chronic stress, depression, anxiety, attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder, eating disorders, and/or autism spectrum disorders and more. The underlying mechanisms are multifaceted. For example, studies show that bodywork can directly increase important neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, increase overall parasympathetic tone or relaxation response, in addition to decreasing cortisol, the stress hormone that wreaks havoc on our physical and mental health. With healthcare trending toward a more integrated approach, it is an ideal time to explore bodywork as adjunctive and even primary treatment for mental illness.

Shed the Should! // by Christen Greenfield, PMHNP-BC

“I should go to bed earlier.” “I should think more positively.” 

“I should be able to focus.” 

“I should have more energy.” 

“I should work harder for a promotion.” 

“I should spend more time with my family.” 

“I should be able to get a job.” 

As you read through these statements, are any of them things you have said to yourself in the past, maybe even today? Are you compelled to add your own statement to the list? The common theme is apparent, “I should.” Addressing the “should” in our lives is not a new concept, a quick Google search will find many articles discussing why we should not “should” ourselves. However, that pesky word seems to creep back into the most well-intentioned minds. 

What’s so bad about “should?” For one thing, it smells bad…no one? *crickets* Ok, simply stated, “should” suggests there is a task that needs to be completed, and if not done there is some real or arbitrary consequence, frequently resulting in guilt. I will go back to the first statement, “I should go to bed earlier.” Let’s take it a bit further, “I should go to bed earlier because I have been so tired lately.” One more step, “I should go to bed earlier because I have been so tired lately, so it’s my fault for being tired because I did not go to bed earlier.” Let’s try again, “I should think more positively.” Next step, “I should think more positively because I have been in a bad mood lately,” and one more, “I should think more positively because I have been in a bad mood lately and that is my fault for not trying to be more positive.” This is admittedly simplifying the process, but you get the idea. When we say “should” to ourselves, we are applying a condition that if not met suggests we have failed or done something wrong. The pitfall is we frequently do not explore the statement to give ourselves tangible solutions to either work toward the task or the confidence to determine it is not a valid statement. 

“Should” is not an inherently bad word. You may think “I should go to the grocery store after work” and subsequently make the stop. However, this statement could easily be changed to “I will go to the grocery store after work.” Can you easily say “I will go to bed earlier” and know it will happen without making any changes in your bedtime routine? Probably less likely. Next time you think “I should (fill in the blank),” stop for a second and try to reword the statement to “I will (fill in the blank).” If that statement is difficult to believe then take a little more time to explore your should statement. Do you feel motivated or deflated? If motivated, that’s great! Go forth and make it happen. If deflated, then look a little harder at the content of the statement. 

Let’s look at another statement: “I should work harder for a promotion.” What can we learn from significant other that you are trying to balance time with and working more would mean you see them less? Here is a rephrase, “I would like to work for a promotion, but now is not the best time as I focus on my family.” If you do not feel you are working as hard as you could, but you have the time and ability, what is getting in the way for you? Maybe you are struggling with depression and working with a therapist. In that case a rephrase may be “when I am ready I will talk to my manager about steps towards earning a promotion, but I am prioritizing my mental health.” Let’s say you have the time and energy but lack confidence in your ability. Then the statement may look like “I will reach out to my manager and ask for additional resources to improve my job performance to work towards a promotion.” You may also feel you need a promotion due to pressure from family or societal expectations but it is not necessarily something you want, so it is important to explore the driving force behind your “should” statement. 
In a “should” statement, you have given yourself a task, but frequently have not provided yourself with an explanation for why or any options for how to proceed. Next time you catch yourself saying “should”, stop for a minute and think about the statement. Do you feel motivated or deflated? Try changing the statement to an “I will” statement. If that does not ring true, take a longer look at the statement and determine if it is valid. Is the action feasible at this time of your life and do you really want to do it? If it is, reword the statement and provide yourself a first step towards accomplishing the activity. If the should statement is guilt provoking and not something you feel capable of doing, take some time to explore the motivation behind the statement, why you are applying it to yourself, and how you can reframe the statement to make you feel more in control of the outcome.